Kim Mooney, Author at FlexTrades

Tariffs have long been a cornerstone of economic policy and international trade. These taxes on imported goods have been part of the U.S. trade landscape since the nation’s founding, influencing everything from government revenue to domestic industry growth. While tariffs are designed to promote certain economic goals, their effectiveness remains a subject of ongoing debate. For manufacturers, in particular, tariffs can create both opportunities and challenges. Let’s explore the history, purpose, and implications of tariffs to better understand their role in today’s global economy.

What’s a Tariff?

Tariffs are taxes that a country’s government imposes on goods imported from other countries. They have been a part of U.S. trade policy since the United States was founded. In fact, tariffs date back to 1789 when Congress passed the Tariff Act of 1789 and President George Washington signed it into law.

Why Are Tariffs Used?

In general, experts like Douglas Irwin, a professor of economics at Dartmouth College, agree that there are three main reasons for utilizing tariffs: revenue, restriction, and reciprocity.

Revenue: Tariffs are taxes on others. When other countries pay tariffs, it increases revenue for the imposing country.
Restriction: Tariffs can limit foreign goods, restricting imports while potentially supporting domestic goods. The word “potentially” is used here because some argue that restricting imports raises the price of domestic goods, reduces the availability of inputs manufacturers rely on, and exposes inefficiencies in domestic production.
Reciprocity: Tariffs can act as negotiating tools, promoting trade agreements and creating opportunities for trade negotiations.
Some experts suggest an additional “R”: Retaliation. Governments can raise tariffs against countries that have closed their markets, using tariffs as a means of retaliation.

How the United States Has Employed Tariffs

The U.S. Constitution grants Congress the “Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States.”

Early in the nation’s history, free trade was a key principle as the United States sought independence from British influence. However, imposing tariffs during this period helped generate revenue to develop the nation while meeting its goal of separation from British policies.

Historically, the U.S. has used tariffs to encourage domestic industrial growth. Up until 1913, tariffs were the largest source of federal revenue. With the introduction of the federal income tax, the government began to rely less on tariffs as a primary revenue source.

After World War II, the global economy required cooperation to rebuild. This led to the establishment of agreements and organizations such as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, the World Trade Organization (WTO), and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). These commitments to free trade sought to lower tariffs and facilitate imports and exports between countries.

What Tariffs Mean for Manufacturers

Tariffs and trade are often accompanied by tension, creating what could be called the “Three T’s.” For manufacturers, the impact of tariffs is complex, with varying opinions on their benefits and drawbacks.

Supporters of tariffs argue that they:

Increase domestic manufacturing and wages.
Boost government revenue.
Protect certain industries and intellectual property.
Address unfair trade practices.
Promote research, development, and innovation.

Critics of tariffs counter that they:

Disrupt global trade flows.
Create inefficiencies for domestic manufacturers.
Exacerbate market inequities.
Generate insufficient revenue to justify their implementation.
Increase costs for consumers.

What Do You Think?

Tariffs are a multifaceted tool that have shaped economic and trade policies throughout U.S. history. Their impact on manufacturers varies widely depending on perspective, industry, and the specific terms of trade agreements. Whether viewed as a means of promoting domestic growth or as a hindrance to global trade, tariffs remain a critical and often controversial element of economic strategy. For manufacturers and industry professionals, understanding tariffs is essential to navigating both opportunities and challenges in an increasingly interconnected world.

So, what do you think? Are tariffs a necessary safeguard for domestic industries, or do they do more harm than good?

Twelve years ago, in 2012, the Fabricators and Manufacturers’ Association (FMA) founded Manufacturing Day (MFG Day). MFG Day is a national movement to show the public (students, parents, and all others) just what modern manufacturing is all about because as they say, “It’s not your father’s machine shop anymore”. MFG Day is always the first Friday in October so this year we are celebrating all things manufacturing on October 4, 2024.

In addition to MFG Day, many states and manufacturing associations (including the International Trade Administration) consider the first week in October National Manufacturing Week or the entire month of October Manufacturing Month. But it doesn’t stop there for FlexTrades, we celebrate manufacturing all year long and hope you will too.

Below are ways in which you can do so!

Open your manufacturing doors to the public. You can find tips and tricks to do so
1. If you’re an employee, encourage your employer to open their doors!
Partake in trade shows as a visitor or manufacturer. Here’s a list of this year’s tradeshows, with a few left that you could still attend.
Visit or participate in a tour (or two) of manufacturing facilities. Find events to attend or ways to host an event at com
Know the industrial revolutions to understand how manufacturing has changed and why it’s so great!
Talk to the kids you know and tell them what’s it like, share your knowledge of manufacturing and discuss the vast opportunities within a manufacturing career. Show them some of these great How It’s Made videos so time on their electronics is also spent learning!
Share positive messages about manufacturing on your social media accounts.
Follow and reshare positive messages from manufacturers and those in manufacturing on your social media accounts.
Shop and buy American made products.
Donate or volunteer to the Nuts and Bolts Foundation (also known as Nuts, Bolts & Thingamajigs ® – NBT). NBT is on a mission to bridge the skills gap in manufacturing, keep American manufacturing alive and strong, and provide students the opportunity to learn how they can do great things working in manufacturing.
Donate your time and knowledge by visiting technical or trade schools to spread awareness about manufacturing and opportunities in manufacturing. Bring brochures with you (here’s an example).
Encourage your coworkers or employees to share their own stories with each other.
Curate an Employee Appreciation Day – managers can genuinely thank their workforce, provide pizza for lunch, organize a cookout, send thank you cards, give gift cards, sponsor a team outing, or film a video of thanks. The options are endless.

And as you celebrate, keep in mind the words of Alan Mulally, an American aerospace engineer and manufacturing executive, former executive vice president of Boeing, CEO of Boeing Commercial Airplanes and former President and Chief Executive Office of the Ford Motor Company. Alan is well versed in manufacturing and once said:

“No country is every successful in the long term…without a really strong and vibrant manufacturing base”.

Happy MFG Day (or week or month)!

Each year, we eagerly anticipate the arrival of Manufacturing Day (MFG Day), which takes place on the first Friday of October. Often, this celebration extends throughout the entire month, highlighting the significance of the manufacturing industry.

What is Manufacturing Day?

The inception of Manufacturing Day dates back to 2012 when the Fabricators and Manufacturers’ Association (FMA) joined hands with leaders from the National Institute of Standards and Technology Manufacturing Extension Partnership (NIST MEP). The brainchild behind this initiative was Ed Youdell, the President & CEO of FMA. Beginning as a modest concept, they conducted a pilot effort in the Midwest on the first Friday of October in 2012. As the years went by, the success of this day prompted them to collaborate with the National Association of Manufacturing (NAM) in 2016, who took the helm of the initiative. Thanks to NAM’s extensive network through The Manufacturing Institute, the event flourished. In just seven years, it expanded from around 240 events primarily in the Midwest to encompass more than 325,000 students, teachers, and parents participating in over 3,000 events across all 50 states and Puerto Rico.

How Can You Celebrate Manufacturing Day?

For Manufacturers:

Conduct Manufacturing Tours: Organize manufacturing tours within your facility. These tours can be in-person or virtual, making them accessible to individuals of all ages.
Educational Fair or Expo: Collaborate with other manufacturers in your area to host an educational fair or expo. Create informative displays, offer hands-on activities or demonstrations, and promote the event with giveaways.
Engage with Local Schools: Reach out to local schools, whether they are elementary, middle, high school, or technical colleges. Deliver presentations on the advantages of a career in manufacturing, highlighting earning opportunities, advancement prospects, and more. Foster enthusiasm among students.
Employee Appreciation: Celebrate your dedicated workforce. Show your gratitude by providing donuts, a pizza lunch, or a cookout for your employees. Express your thanks through cards, gift cards, or small tokens that convey your appreciation.
Social Media Acknowledgment: Share your appreciation on social media. Celebrate the manufacturing industry and your workforce with a heartfelt message of gratitude for their daily contributions that drive American manufacturing forward.

For Individuals:

Attend Manufacturing Tours: Attend manufacturing tours in your local area, whether in-person or virtual. These tours provide a valuable glimpse into the world of manufacturing.
Job Exploration: Approach your employer and inquire about participating in Manufacturing Day activities. Explore different areas of your workplace and spend the day learning about roles you may not have encountered before.
Educational Videos: Watch informative “How It Works” videos related to manufacturing processes. Share your favorite videos with friends and colleagues to spread awareness.
Engage the Next Generation: If you have children in your life, engage in meaningful conversations about manufacturing while enjoying ice cream. Show them videos and emphasize that it offers a viable career path with substantial earning potential and room for growth.
Educational Games: Introduce youngsters to educational games like the Manufacturing Institute’s Smart MFG 2 App, where kids can design and manufacture a drone. Additionally, consider playing board games like “The Manufacturing Game.” You can also explore a variety of factory simulation games.

There are numerous ways to celebrate Manufacturing Day, and the ones mentioned here are just a few examples. As you celebrate the manufacturing industry, its dedicated professionals, and those working tirelessly to drive it forward, remember that you can promote and celebrate it not only on one designated day but throughout the entire year!

As a Technical Manager at FlexTrades, I don’t work on the production or manufacturing floor, but I do work very closely with those who do. I love learning about the various production and manufacturing processes that directly affect my life as a consumer and user. With that said, there are two types of production and manufacturing: Discrete Manufacturing & Process Manufacturing. I’m here to tell you all about them!

Discrete Manufacturing

Discrete Manufacturing is the process of adding individual parts and components into one system or structure to create a final product. The parts and components can be individual in nature or a sub-assembly of the final product.

For example: Consider the manufacturing of a vehicle. Each section of a vehicle is individual in nature and created via machining, assembly, or welding operations (tire, engine, side panel, bumper, seats, steering wheel, wiring). These sections may come as one unit (side panel) or as an assembly (engine). These components or assemblies are then put together in a sequential manner to build the final product (vehicle). Additionally, we can easily disassemble the final product to determine and identify the individual components or assemblies used to create it.

Common job titles include: Warehouse Operators, Machine Operators, Machinists, Assemblers, Welders, Quality Inspectors.

Process Manufacturing

Process Manufacturing is manufacturing that occurs in bulk quantities, such as pharmaceuticals, paints, foods, and beverages. In this process, there is a chemical conversion occurring among ingredients rather than materials. This process is based on formulas and recipes. Unlike discrete manufacturing, it is difficult to identify the individual parts that make up the final product. Additionally, the ingredients that make up the product are difficult to disassemble and reuse.

For example: Consider the manufacturing of shampoo. There are a multitude of ingredients in shampoo including water, detergents, surfactants, polymers, silicones, a wide variety of preservatives, fragrances, dyes, and many other additives or preservatives. The average shampoo has 10-30 ingredients. This multitude of ingredients are poured into batch tanks, mixed and blended, heated and cooled in a formulaic and sequential manner, and then packaged. Unlike the vehicle in the example above, once the shampoo is blended, it’s difficult to separate the ingredients to determine the individual ingredients utilized to make it.

Common job titles include: Line Operators, Machine Operators, Warehouse Operators, Batch Makers, Process Technicians, Compounders, Mixers, Packers, Quality Control Inspectors.

As I said, I don’t work directly on a manufacturing floor, but manufacturing is great nonetheless. If you’re thinking about working in manufacturing, check out this video about Manufacturing Positions and Careers!

A patent is a legal document granted by a sovereign authority to an inventor or inventors, giving them the right (for a set amount of time) to prevent others from making, using, or selling their invention. Legal jargon like that might make patents seem like a boring conversation topic, but patents are critical to protecting intellectual property around the world and are much more interesting than you may believe. Read on to learn ten of the most interesting facts about patents we’ve found to see what we mean!

The very first patent granted was given to Filippo Brunelleschi in Florence. Filippo created an invention and secured a patent for his creation. It was for a boat to move heavy loads of large marble slabs up the Arno River during the construction of the Florence cathedral, which began in 1296 and took 140 years to complete.
From 1790-1836, U.S. patents were initially held in the Blodget Hotel in Washington, D.C. In 1836, a fire in this office blazed, destroying what is believed to be 10,000 patent drawings and 7,000 patent models. Of these, 2,845 patents have been restored, with the inventor resubmitting the drawings to the patent office.
Mary Dixon Kies was the first woman to not only receive a U.S. patent under her own name but also the first woman to apply under her own name in 1809. This is a big deal since women were not legally allowed patent rights under their own names until the mid-1800s.
President Abraham Lincoln held Patent No. 6,469, which was for a device to “buoy vessels over shoals.” Although never put to use, he is the only president to hold a patent.
In 1903, Lizzie Magie patented an anti-capitalist game called “The Landlord’s Game” (U.S. patent No. 748,626). Thirty years later, Hasbro’s “Monopoly” was invented (based on Magie’s game) and received Patent No. 2,026,082.
A man named Shunpei Yamazaki in Japan holds the Guinness World Record for the most patents, at 11,353.
In 1882, Samuel S. Applegate received a patent for his “Device For Waking Persons From Sleep.” This device connected a wall-mounted alarm clock to a wooden frame. On the frame were suspended wooden blocks, which were placed directly above the sleeper’s head. When the alarm rang, the frame would drop, causing the blocks to hit the person in the face. Applegate himself admitted in his patent application that “these cause pain.”
The IBM Simon Personal Communicator (SPC) is considered the first smartphone and was released to consumers in 1994.
In June 2024, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office issued its 12 millionth patent.
As of 2023, the University of California held over 12,700 patents, more than any other university in the world. Close behind was the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and in third place was the University of Texas system.

These facts prove that the topic of patents is far from boring. But we have more to share! If you have an invention that you want to patent, start with the Inventors Assistance Center of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (opens in a new tab). Want to learn more interesting facts? Then check out our previous blogs (opens in a new tab). And, if you have some interesting facts of your own, send them to our Writing Team. We might make a blog out of them next!

Green energy, clean energy, renewable energy! Although they seem like the newest trend, these ideas have been around for quite some time. In fact, the first congressional act passed in the United States aimed at these pursuits was the Clean Air Act in 1970. Since then, we’ve seen the following “green” laws passed as well (among many others):

Energy Policy & Conservation Act – 1975
Alternative Motor Fuels Act – 1988
Energy Policy Act (EPAct) – 1992
Energy Independence and Security Act – 2007
American Recovery & Reinvestment Act – 2009 (included investments in energy independence and renewable energy technologies – among other things).

Most recently, the United States passed the Inflation Reduction Act in August 2022. This act is intended to fight inflation, promote growth in the economy, and bring back manufacturing to the U.S. while also putting investments into clean energy. Investments include tax incentives for Americans who purchase electric vehicles (EVs) and energize their homes with energy-efficient appliances, solar panels, HVAC systems, insulation, windows, and even wind turbines. And that’s just at the consumer level. At the commercial and industrial levels, this act also provides funding for domestic programs including renewable energy (again, like wind turbines).

So, let’s talk a little bit about wind turbines and wind power. It can be a polarizing topic, but like them or not, they are the leading renewable energy source in the United States.

Wind has been generating power for a long time. Just consider the historical images you’ve seen of sailing ships or even the Dutch windmills in Holland, which were built with the intention of pumping water to drain the land. But those are windmills, and what we have today are wind turbines. Turbines have quite the history themselves, starting with a Scottish electrical engineer named James Blyth.

James Blyth is recognized as the first person to harness wind for electricity when he designed and built a wind turbine to power his home in July 1887. Although he’s recognized with this achievement, a lot of credit is also given to Poul la Cour, a Danish scientist. He used a wind turbine to provide lighting for his entire village of Askov. He also started the Society of Wind Electricians in 1903. He even discovered that wind turbines with fewer blades spinning at faster speeds are more efficient than turbines with more blades spinning slower.

A lot has happened, in terms of development, between then and now, around the science of windmills and wind turbines (find out here), but let’s spend a minute focusing on just turbines.

There are two types of wind turbines: Horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs) and vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs). Those that you see most often are the horizontal-axis turbines, which stand tall and proud (often in the middle of nowhere) with blades that look like airplane propellers. In fact, wind turbines use aeronautical science similar to that of aircraft rotors and wings. Wind flows over the blades creating lift and causing the blades to spin, which then drives a shaft to turn an electric generator. That generator, well, generates electricity.

But just how much electricity do they produce? To keep it simple, the average turbine in 2020 produced enough electricity (in just 46 minutes) to power the average home for one full month, according to the US Geological Survey. To measure the power produced by turbines, we use megawatts (MW), megawatt-hours (mWh), kilowatts (KW), and kilowatt-hours (kWh) which can be quite confusing. Essentially, MW and KW measure power while mWh and kWh measure energy and electricity.

An average onshore turbine (yes, offshore turbines are a thing) has the capacity to produce 2-3 megawatts (MW), which in turn can generate 6 million kilowatt-hours of electricity per year.

Here in the United States, with the focus on wind power over the years, we’ve managed to go from 2.8 billion kilowatt-hours of wind power in 1990 to 434 billion kilowatt-hours in 2022. That’s a 15,400% increase in just 32 years. These 434 billion kilowatt-hours in 2022 provided 10% of the total energy used in the United States (with 25% of that coming from Texas alone). The current goal is to use wind to produce 20% of total energy in the United States by 2030 and 35% by 2050.

These goals not only support our green energy and renewable energy initiatives but also support our efforts to increase domestic, onshore manufacturing.

In fact, according to cleanpower.org, the wind power industry does a lot for American manufacturing.

There are over 72,000 wind turbines in the country.
Wind power is the 4th largest source of electricity generation in the country (which is enough to power 46 million American homes).
Wind power is the largest source of renewable energy, providing 10% of the country’s electricity.
There are over 450 manufacturing facilities in the United States building wind-related parts and materials.
Of these facilities, the top three facilities producing the turbines themselves are GE Vernova, Vestas, and Siemens Gamesa.
The wind power industry employs 120,000+ Americans across 50 states with 20,000 of those jobs in wind manufacturing facilities!
And this industry employs American veterans at a rate higher than the national average!

As a promoter of American manufacturing and the skilled people who make it happen, we can’t deny that this initiative is good for domestic manufacturing. If you work in manufacturing, you likely feel similarly, so as a fellow manufacturing supporter, we would love to work with you!

If you’re looking for skilled technicians to help you in your own manufacturing facility (regardless of industry), contact us now! Or, if you’re looking to join our team of highly skilled traveling technicians and engineers (we welcome veterans too!), please contact a recruiter.

Ask someone what they know about farming, and you may get outdated answers. Many people will talk of the infamous red barn, maybe some cows roaming the fields, or a straw hat. But, in reality, farming is far from outdated. In fact, farming is often one of the first industries to adopt new designs, technologies, and practices. And there’s no clearer way to see it than when you consider the design and evolution of farm and field equipment.

The earliest known farm implements date back as far as 5500 BC. In fact, the first plow is considered to be the “forked” sticks dragged through dirt in the region of southern Mesopotamia (now south-central Iraq). These sticks created the trenches in which seeds would be planted. As history shows, with increased technology and resources comes change and farming equipment changed greatly from these first “plows.”

18^th Century

This century was really the time in which farming machinery became more mechanized. Wood was still a major material for farming equipment, but cast-iron metal was making gains as well. Although the first patent for the cast iron plow wasn’t issued until 1797 to Charles Newbold, it was during the 18^th century when the use of cast iron as a material really took off. This century also saw the invention of replacement parts, saving farmers time and money by allowing them to repair and replace their machinery more easily, rather than having to buy new.

19^th Century

Farm equipment and farm equipment technology really made great leaps starting in the 19^th century. It was during this century that agricultural equipment turned away from horses and oxen as power sources and toward steam power. Then, at the end of the 19^th century, steam power was replaced with combustion engines (using kerosene or gasoline) which weighed less, required less human interaction, and were also more efficient in general. That was just the beginning.

20^th Century

During these years (1901-2000), we saw additional changes in farming equipment that really set the tone for what was to happen next. Diesel powered tractors were invented, giving way for more fuel efficiency and longer engine life. Hydraulics were introduced, giving farmers more versality in the ways in which the equipment could operate, move, and control implements. And Power Take Off (PTO) was also introduced which gave farm vehicles the ability to directly power their implements from the engine. Toward the end of the 20^th century even more changes came when mechanical components were being replaced with electrical systems and devices. This laid the foundation for what would come next.

21^st Century

This century has seen huge gains in the technology used in tractors. GPS was introduced, sensors were added everywhere, vision systems became available, and smart farming was born along with autonomous tractors. GPS is the backbone of autonomous tractors because it uses real-time location data to guide the tractor within defined parameters. Sensors detect changes on the ground, like soil conditions, and in the environment, like weather or plant health. They also provide critical information regarding the overall operational health of the tractor, allowing farmers to address maintenance issues before they’re too big to handle in the field. Lastly, although autonomous tractors guide themselves, we still need the farmer to monitor the operations, and 360-degree vision cameras are just the tool to do so.

22^nd Century

Where and what farming equipment will be in the future is hard to predict but can be done with a little creativity and consideration for history. Farming equipment has really followed the trends from Industry 1.0 to 4.0 and with the prediction for Industry 5.0 to focus on societal values and wellbeing over economic values and welfare, we’ll likely see some changes in this realm. Meaning we’ll likely continue to see machinery and humans collaborating for the wellbeing of all while also squaring in on eco-friendly practices and reducing environmental impacts.

Of course, these are summaries of changes in the agricultural industry as a whole. That includes all types of operable equipment as well as the implements and other tech used in farming. But one piece of equipment stands out no matter what type of farming is being done. That’s the tractor. It’s synonymous with farming and agriculture. So, for some fun, below is a timeline of some of the biggest moments in the birth and life of what we call the tractor.

1892: A 43-year Iowa man named John Froelich is accredited with inventing the first successful gasoline-powered engine. The engine could be “driven” backwards and forwards so although it wasn’t called a tractor at the time, it essentially was the first tractor ever invented. John and others attempted to manufacture and sell this tractor (out of Waterloo, Iowa) without much traction so production turned to stationary engines only and John moved on.

Fun fact: the company producing these stationary engines (Waterloo Gasoline Engine Company) was eventually purchased by John Deere in 1918, making Waterloo, Iowa (and John Deere’s Waterloo Operations) one of the largest producers of tractors in the United States. In fact, this plant is set to produce the largest and highest horsepower tractor John Deere has ever made in mid-2024!

1901: Two mechanical engineering students at the University of Wisconsin (Charles Hart and Charles Parr), founded the Hart-Parr Gasoline Engine Company in Madison, Wisconsin. They produced traction engines which coined the term “tractor”, and the first commercially successful tractor rolled off their assembly lines in 1901, kicking off the 20^th century and so much more in tractor technology.

1902: This was a big year for farm tractors and agricultural machines as a whole. It was this year that five agricultural equipment manufacturers merged to form International Harvester. And, in 1905, International Harvester manufacturers its first tractor.

1904: Benjamin Holt develops the first crawler tractor, out of California. The change with this tractor is that rather than wheels, it was equipped with tracks. They named this tractor the “Caterpillar” which would also be the name by which his company was named!

1920: Massey Harris purchases Wallis Tractors to create the first four-wheel drive tractor. Fun fact – Wallis Tractors was founded by Henry Wallis who was actually the son-in-law of Jerome Case, the founder of the Case Corporation, a major player in ag equipment manufacturing.

1923: John Deere produces their legendary Model “D” Tractor, one they produced for nearly 30 years. During this same year, the International Harvester Farmall tractor was produced, another legendary tractor because its rear wheels were set further apart while the front wheels were narrow.

1928: SAME, an Italian tractor manufacturer secures credit for producing the first diesel powered tractor. Two short years later in 1930, it can be said that 15% of farmers are using tractors on their farm operations.

1931: Caterpillar manufactures their first diesel-powered track-type tractor.

1932: Allis-Chalmers (a company first formed in 1901), collaborates with Firestone to introduce pneumatic rubber tires to tractors, changing the tractor game as it relates to traction and fuel economy. Within five short years, these tires replaced the majority of steel wheels used up until this time.

1935: International Harvester combines diesel engines and wheeled tractors into one.

1941: Minneapolis-Moline introduces the world’s first factory-produced LPG (liquified petroleum gas) tractor, claiming 10% more power but fewer operating costs.

1954: Tractors officially outnumber horses and mules on farms.

1958: Minnesota farmers John Steiger and sons designed and built a tractor in their own barn and painted it lime green. Soon after they were officially in business by 1963 and had developed the very first tractor with a rear PTO option on articulated four-wheel drive tractors. They even pioneered electronic control systems for tractors, as well. After 32 years in business, Tenneco (parent company of Case International Harvester) purchased the Steiger brand.

1959: Allis-Chalmers creates technology for electric fuel cells. Although it didn’t take off in tractors, it can be considered technology that gave NASA the ability to “put a man on the moon”.

1960: Case creates the first tractor cab. Later, in 1963, Steiger introduces the first 4WD tractor with an enclosed cab. Enclosed cabs became a very popular addition to tractors in the next few years.

1961: Allis-Chalmers introduces their D-19 tractor, the first mass-produced tractor with a turbocharged diesel engine.

1966: Versatile is the first to mass-produce 4WD tractors and are able to price them out at a rate similar to the cost of smaller 2WD tractors that are currently being sold.

1969: Kubota Corp. introduces it’s very first tractor in the United States with instant success. Kubota Tractor Corp. is formed in 1972 to expand its presence in the market.

1973: Allis-Chalmers designs and manufacturers load-sensitive hydraulics for two of its tractor designs.

1985: Case and International Harvester merge to form Case IH.

1986: Massey Ferguson introduces the very first electronic lift control 3-point hitch, and it comes standard on all of their tractors. This technology gives farmers much more control over height, rate of drop, and depth (as well as speed) for implements and attachments.

1987: Caterpillar manufacturers tractors with rubber tracks, greatly reducing soil compaction.

1988: The first tractor engineered by newly combined Case IH is released with 100,000 produced in the first 15 years. What tractor was it? The Magnum tractor.

1990: AGCO is formed after a buyout of Deutz-Allis from KHD, starting the first of many acquisitions, leading AGCO to become the third largest producer of ag equipment worldwide.

1991: This was the year that the world’s first tractor with a full suspension system, and the ability to operate at 35 mph road speeds, came to be with JCB’s Fastrac tractor in Great Britain.

1992: RTK (real-time kinematic) technology debuts this year, one of the most important pieces of technology aiding in agricultural equipment guidance and movement.

1994: GPS and satellite technology is introduced. Case International rebrands to Case IH.

2004: Fendt introduces the Tractor Management System, software that monitors and controls engine speed relative to ground speed.

2010: Case IH manufactures and ships the Magnum series tractor which is the first unit from all manufacturers to meet EPA Tier 4A emissions standard for ag equipment.

2013: CNH Global N.V. and Fiat Industrial S.p.A. merge, making CNH Industrial N.V.

2020: Monarch Tractor showcases the world’s first fully electric smart tractor which is operated on a single electronic platform and with or without a driver. At the same time, Soletrac comes onto the market with a battery-powered tractor specific for orchards and vineyards.

2022: John Deere lets the world know that they have a fully autonomous tractor ready for production.

2023: New Holland is the first of the major ag OEMs to introduce an all-electric-powered tractor.

As we look back over the centuries, it’s clear that the fields of agriculture have always been a fertile ground for innovation. From the rudimentary stick plows of ancient Mesopotamia to the high-tech autonomous tractors of today, farming equipment has undergone a remarkable transformation. Each advancement reflects not only technological progress but also a deeper understanding of efficiency, sustainability, and the needs of both the land and those who work it.

As we venture into the future, with a vision sharpened by Industry 5.0 and its focus on societal values, the next chapters of agricultural innovation will likely be even more transformative. The ongoing evolution from mechanical beasts of burden to intelligent companions in the field highlights a pivotal shift in our relationship with technology and nature. These tools, once simple extensions of human effort, are now partners in a dance of productivity and stewardship.

In embracing these changes, we not only continue the legacy of innovation that defines human progress but also ensure that the future of farming—and by extension, our world—is as fruitful as the fields our forebears once tended. Let’s continue to watch, learn, and grow as the next generation of tractors and beyond redefine what it means to work the land.

FlexTrades might be considered one of the top travel agents in the United States based upon all the flights, road trips, and hotels we book and advise on year after year for our technicians. As a result, we know the tips and tricks for making travel easier and cheaper, and we’re sharing that list with you.

Tips & Tricks for Travel

Cheap Flights

Don’t choose a destination, then your travel dates, and then find a flight. Rather, first find low-cost flights (from your departure airport) and then decide the destination that intrigues you the most on the dates that work well.
If the above doesn’t work for you, then book your flights with strategy. There are windows of time that seem to work best depending upon whether your flying domestically or internationally.

It used to be said that there were specific days of the week that were better than others when booking a flight but that’s now considered a myth. However, there are days considered cheaper to fly thanks to business travelers.

Google Flights is considered by many as the best way to find flights and there are best practices for using Google Flights too (find them here). But it’s not necessarily the best way to book flights. Always try to book flights directly with the airline.
Finally, if you’re not against credit cards, using an airline credit card can score you additional dollar savings with perks like free checked luggage or complimentary Wi-Fi in addition to lower cost or free flights if you secure enough points or miles.

Cheap Road Trips

First and foremost, if you’re driving by car, try not to travel on peak traffic days or during peak traffic hours. Peak traffic days like holidays (or even weekends) often bring higher fuel costs (and lodgings costs).
Gas can be one of the biggest costs when traveling by car, but it can also be the easiest way to save money. Google Maps will not only help you plan your route, but you can also view all the gas stations along the way and their current fuel price.

If that’s not your thing, consider a fuel rewards app like Gas Buddy, which helps you not only save money but also earn rewards. And, if it’s helpful, Gas Buddy will calculate an estimate of the cost of fuel for the entire ride, too.
Focus on fuel efficiency. You can do this by driving at the speed at which your vehicle gets the greatest fuel economy (typically around 55 mpg) or by getting a tune up on your vehicle prior to travel.
Whether you have a personal vehicle or not, public transportation is a great alternative to traveling in your car. Whether you do it for your entire trip (Amtrak here we come!) or you do it once you’re at your final destination, you’ll likely find costs are lower than they would be with a vehicle. Public transportation avoids parking fees, fuel costs, and wear & tear on your vehicle. Another plus to public transportation? Seeing everything that’s around you as a passenger, rather than a driver.
Last but not least, save money on food. Here’s some tips and tricks on how to not only eat within budget but also eat well while road tripping.

Cheap Lodging

No matter what type of lodging you prefer, you can always find a good deal on it. There is no need to sleep in your car to save money or blow your budget somewhere to lay your head. Below are some options to stay within budget but remember, it’s not just about budget it’s also about traveling safely and securely.

Hotels are, of course, great places to stay. Here’s some tips & tricks for finding hotels within your budget and remember to use these best practices when booking a hotel. And don’t forget to earn rewards with hotel chains by signing up for their loyalty programs.
Airbnb or VRBO
- Some may say these aren’t cost efficient but if you’re real about what you need vs. don’t need and/or where you stay, you can find some budget friendly options!
Hospitality Exchanges
- This “exchange” allows a traveler to stay in the home of a local either for free or very minimal reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses. As someone using this option, you too, must be willing to host when others need a place to stay.
- Couch Surfing
- BeWelcome
Hostels
- Just like any other lodging, hostels vary in terms of cleanliness, available amenities, and quality. However, they can still be a very budget-friendly lodging option.
Home Exchange
- Is a great place for this. Additionally, with websites like mindmyhouse.com, housecareers.com, and luxuryhousesitting.com, you can match with homeowners who need house sitters. For watching over their home, pets, and minor cleaning, you can secure a free place to stay at your intended destination.
Stay on a Farm or at a Monastery
- Staying at a farm or monastery is definitely a unique approach to lodging but it’s one type of lodging that allows for a lot of learning!

The proof is in the pudding. You don’t have to save money for years on end to travel, rather you can save money while traveling and still get the adventure you’re looking for!

As we navigate through 2024, there’s still ample opportunity to immerse yourself in the wealth of knowledge, technological advancements and unparalleled value that this year’s manufacturing trade shows and expos have to offer. From employers to employees, these events are a goldmine for anyone looking to elevate their presence in the US manufacturing scene.

The Top Manufacturing Trade Shows of 2024

Modex

Scheduled for March 11-14 in Atlanta, GA, Modex stands out among 2024’s top manufacturing trade shows. While Promat has already passed and won’t return until 2025, Modex continues to shine, thanks to MHI (The Material Handling Industry). It’s a pivotal gathering for supply chain professionals seeking to network and grow.

Gartner Supply Chain Symposium/Xpo 2024

This supply chain expo, happening May 6-8, delves into lessons learned from the pandemic and strategies for long-term success in supply chain management. It’s a must-attend for those in procurement, manufacturing management and logistics.

Automate

Mark your calendars for May 6-9 in Chicago for Automate, the automation event of the year. Covering the spectrum of automation in manufacturing sectors, it’s one of the key automation events for industry professionals.

NPE

The largest plastics tradeshow in America takes over Orlando, FL, from May 6-10. NPE is an expansive event that showcases the latest in plastics technology and innovation.

Skills USA National Leadership & Skills Conference

Focusing on promoting technical and trade careers, the Skills USA National Leadership & Skills Conference, happening June 24-28, is a unique blend of skill-building and leadership development.

RAPID + TCT

For those interested in additive manufacturing conferences, RAPID + TCT in Los Angeles from June 25-27 is the place to be. It’s a deep dive into how 3D printing technologies can revolutionize manufacturing processes.

Safety Conference & Expo

Set for August 7-9 in Denver, CO, the Safety Conference & Expo is organized by the ASSP and focuses on educational sessions and innovations in workplace safety.

Advanced Manufacturing Expo

Don’t miss out on this Industry 4.0 expo in Grand Rapids, MI, on August 7-8. It’s an excellent opportunity to explore advancements in automation and metalworking.

FABTECH

For professionals in metal forming, fabricating, welding, and finishing, FABTECH is the premier event, running from October 15-17.

Association of Equipment Manufacturers

This Association of Equipment Manufacturers event, happening on November 13-15, is perfect for executives looking to gain industry insights on workforce development, data management and leadership.

BIOMEDevice

In Santa Clara, CA, from November 20-21, the BIOMEDevice event bridges Med Tech, Biotech, and Pharma, fostering education and partnerships in medical innovation.

Time to Grow

Choosing the right manufacturing trade show can open doors to new industry contacts, knowledge, and opportunities. Dive in, and you’re sure to learn and grow in ways you hadn’t imagined.

Throughout history, the manufacturing landscape has been dramatically reshaped by groundbreaking designs, inventions and products. At the heart of these transformative contributions are the ingenious, hard-working creators and the visionary leaders propelling these innovations forward. As we celebrate Black History Month, it’s an honor to spotlight the remarkable black inventors and leaders whose ingenuity has left an indelible mark on manufacturing.

Charles Richard Patterson (1833 – 1910) was a trailblazer as the founder of C.R. Patterson & Sons, the first and only African American owned and operated automobile company, which began as a humble carriage-making enterprise.

Elijah J. McCoy (1844 – 1929) revolutionized railway maintenance with his invention of an automatic lubricator for oiling steam engine parts, giving birth to the expression “The Real McCoy” for his unmatched quality.

Lewis Howard Latimer (1848 – 1928) was instrumental in the development of electric light, inventing the carbon filament for incandescent bulbs in 1881 and playing a pivotal role in the urban installation of electric lighting. His contributions extended to assisting in the patenting of the telephone and inventing the first railroad car bathroom and an early version of air conditioning.

Jan Ernst Matzeliger (1852 – 1889) significantly impacted the shoemaking industry with his shoe lasting machine, which dramatically increased production efficiency by automating the attachment of soles to uppers.

George Washington Carver (1864 – 1943) is renowned for his agricultural innovations, developing techniques to rejuvenate soils depleted by cotton and promoting crop rotation methods alongside pioneering industrial applications for alternative crops.

Madame C.J. Walker (1867 – 1919), after developing a unique line of African American hair products to address her own hair loss, established Madame C.J. Walker Laboratories, becoming one of the first self-made millionaire women in America.

Charles W. “C.W.” Chapelle (1872 – 1941), the first head electrician of US Steel and an aviation enthusiast, made history with his award-winning airplane design at the 1911 First Industrial Airplane Show and played a key role in founding the first African American airplane company.

Frederick McKinley Jones (1893 – 1961) is celebrated for inventing the first automatic refrigeration system for long-haul trucks and railroad cars, revolutionizing the transport of perishable goods and laying the foundation for Thermo-King Corp.

Otis Frank Boykin (1920 – 1982) made significant advancements in electrical resistor technology used in a myriad of electronic devices, alongside inventing a chemical air filter and a burglar-proof cash register.

Craig Arnold (1951 – ), as the CEO of Eaton Corporation, emphasizes diversity, equality, and innovation within the manufacturing sector and corporate leadership.

Marian Rogers Croak (1955 – ) has transformed communication with her development of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), a pivotal technology that has reshaped global communication networks.

Mark E. Dean (1957 – ) has been a cornerstone in computer technology, contributing to the invention of the color PC monitor and the gigahertz chip, holding three of IBM’s original nine patents.

Alicia Boler Davis (1972 – ) broke new ground as the first black woman to serve as a Plant Manager at General Motors and continues to lead in senior executive roles, currently with Amazon.

Shaping the Future

These individuals are not just inventors and leaders; they are pioneers who have paved the way for future generations, demonstrating that innovation knows no bounds. Their legacies remind us of the power of creativity, perseverance and leadership in driving forward the manufacturing industry and beyond.

Check out the following link to learn more about Black History Month, written by Daryl Michael Scott, a Professor of History at Howard University and the Vice President of Program at the Association for the Study of African American Life and History.

Want more history? Read our post on Women’s History Month!